Publications – Thijs Van de Graaf

Books, reports and edited volumes

Coauthor of the report Geopolitics of the Energy Transition: Energy Security (2024). Abu Dhabi: IRENA.
Van de Graaf, T., van Middelaar, L., Kribbe, H. (2024). Energy diplomacy: Europe’s new strategic mission. Brussels: Brussels Institute for Geopolitics.
Lead author of the report Geopolitics of the Energy Transition: Critical Materials (2023). Abu Dhabi: IRENA.
Lead author of the report Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation: The Hydrogen Factor (2022). Abu Dhabi: IRENA.
Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K. (2020). Global Energy Politics. Cambridge: Polity.
Lead writer of the report A New World: The Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation (2019). Abu Dhabi: IRENA.
van Asselt, H., Van de Graaf, T., eds. (2017). The International Governance of Energy Subsidies. Special Issue of International Environmental Agreements.
Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K., Ghosh,, A., Kern, F., Klare, M.T., eds. (2016). The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy, Palgrave Macmillan.
Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., eds. (2015). Rising Powers and Multilateral Institutions. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Van de Graaf, T. (2013). The Politics and Institutions of Global Energy Governance. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Journal articles

Dejonghe, M., Van de Graaf, T., Belmans, R. (2023). From natural gas to hydrogen: Navigating import risks and dependencies. Energy Research & Social Science, 106.
Van Coppenolle, H., Blondeel, M., Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Reframing the climate debate: The origins and diffusion of net zero pledges. Global Policy, forthcoming.
Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Hydrogen’s Decade. Finance and Development, 59(4), 21-23.
Trout, K., Muttitt, G., Lafleur, D., Van de Graaf, T., Mendelevitch, R., Mei., L., Meinshausen, M. (2022). Existing fossil fuel extraction would warm the world beyond 1.5 °C. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 17 (6), 064010.
Elsässer, J. P., Hickmann, T., Jinnah, S., Oberthür, S., & Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Institutional interplay in global environmental governance: lessons learned and future research. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 1-19.
Van de Graaf, T. (2021). The Next Prize: Geopolitical Stakes in the Clean Hydrogen Race. Oxford Energy Forum, Issue 126, February 2021, pp. 30-34.
de Jong, M., Van de Graaf, T., Haesebrouck, T. (2020). A matter of preference: Taking sides on the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline project. Journal of Contemporary European Research, forthcoming.
Van de Graaf, T., Overland, I., Scholten, D., Westphal, K. (2020). The New Oil? The Geopolitics and International Governance of Hydrogen, Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 70, December 2020, 101667.
Kuzemko, C., Bradshaw, M., Bridge, G., Goldthau, A., Jewell, J., Overland, I., Scholten, D., Van de Graaf, T., Westphal, K. (2020). Covid-19 and the politics of sustainable energy transitions. Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 68, October 2020, 101685.
de Jong, M., Van de Graaf, T. (2020). Lost in Regulation: Nord Stream 2 and the Limits of the European Commission’s Geo-Economic Power. Journal of European Integration, forthcoming.
Blondeel, M., Van de Graaf, T., and Haesebrouck, T. (2020). Moving beyond coal: Exploring and explaining the Powering Past Coal Alliance. Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 59, January 2020.
Blondeel, M., Colgan, J.D., Van de Graaf, T. (2019). What drives norm success? Evidence from anti-fossil fuel campaigns. Global Environmental Politics, 19(4), pp. 63-84.
Bradshaw, M., Van de Graaf, T., Connelly, R. (2019). Preparing for the new oil order? Saudi Arabia and Russia. Energy Strategy Reviews, 26, 100374
Van de Graaf, T., Bradshaw, M. (2018). Stranded Wealth: Rethinking the Politics of Oil in an Age of Abundance. International Affairs, November 2018, 94(6), pp. 1309-1328.
Sovacool, B.K., Van de Graaf, T. (2018). Building or stumbling blocks? Assessing the performance of polycentric energy and climate governance networks. Energy Policy, 118 (July 2018), 317-324.
Blondeel M., Van de Graaf, T. (2018). Toward a Global Coal Moratorium? A comparative analysis of coal-mining policies in the U.S., China, India and Australia. Climatic Change, 150, 1-2, pp 89–101
Urpelainen, J, Van de Graaf, T. (2018). “United States Non-Cooperation and the Paris Agreement” Climate Policy, 18(7), pp. 893-851.
Van de Graaf, T., Haesebrouck, T., Debaere, P. (2017). “Fractured Politics? The Comparative Regulation of Shale Gas in Europe,” Journal of European Public Policy, 25(9), pp. 1276-1293.
Van de Graaf, T., van Asselt, H. (2017). “Introduction to the Special Issue: Energy Subsidies at the Intersection of Climate, Energy and Trade Governance,” International Environmental Agreements, 17(3): 313–326.
Colgan, J., Van de Graaf, T. (2017). “A Crude Reversal: The Political Economy of the United States Crude Oil Export Policy,” Energy Research & Social Science 24: 30-35.
Van de Graaf, T., Colgan, J. (2017). “Russian gas games or well-oiled diplomacy? Energy security and the 2014 Ukraine crisis,” Energy Research & Social Science, 24: 59-64.
Van de Graaf, T. (2017). “Is OPEC dead? Oil Exporters, the Paris Agreement and the Transition to a Post-Carbon World,” Energy Research & Social Science, 23: 182-188.
Sovacool, B.K., Walter, G., Van de Graaf, T., Andrews, N. (2016). “Energy Governance, Transnational Rules and the Resource Curse: Exploring the Effectiveness of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI),” World Development, 86 (July 2016): 179-192. Full-text.
Van de Graaf, T., Colgan, J. (2016). “Global energy governance: A review and research agenda,” Palgrave Communications, 2.
Van de Graaf, T., Verbruggen, A. (2015). “The Oil Endgame: Strategies of Oil Exporters in a Carbon-Constrained World,” Environmental Science and Policy, 54 (Dec. 2015): 456-462.
Colgan, J.,Van de Graaf, T. (2015), “Mechanisms of Informal Governance: Evidence from the IEA,” Journal of International Relations and Development, 18(4): 455-481.
Urpelainen, J., Van de Graaf, T., (2015) “Your Place or Mine? Institutional Capture and the Creation of Overlapping International Institutions,” British Journal of Political Science, 45(4): 799-827. Read article and supplementary mathematical appendix.
Urpelainen, J., Van de Graaf, T. (2015). “The International Renewable Energy Agency: A Success Story in Institutional Innovation?” International Environmental Agreements, 15(2), 159-177.
Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K. (2014). “Thinking Big: Politics, Progress, and Security in the Management of Asian and European Energy Megaprojects,” Energy Policy, 47, 16-27.
Bazilian, M., Nakhooda, S., Van de Graaf, T. (2014). “Energy Governance and Poverty,” Energy Research & Social Science, 1(1), 217-225.
Van de Graaf, T., De Ville, F., (2013). “Regime Complexes and Interplay Management,” contribution to forum on “Insights from Global Environmental Governance,” edited by Morin, J-F., Orsini, A., International Studies Review, 15(4), 562–589.
Verbruggen, A., Van de Graaf, T. (2013). “Peak Oil Supply or Oil not For Sale?” Futures, 53 (September), 74-85.
Van de Graaf, T. (2013). “The ‘Oil Weapon’ Reversed? Sanctions against Iran and U.S.-EU structural power,” Middle East Policy, 20(3), 145-163.
Van de Graaf, T. (2013). “Fragmentation in global energy governance: explaining the creation of IRENA,” Global Environmental Politics, 13(3), 14-33.
Bazilian, M., Onyeji, I., Aqrawi, P.-K., Sovacool, B.K., Ofori, E., Kammen, D.M., Van de Graaf, T. (2013). “Oil, energy poverty and resource dependence in West Africa,” Journal of Energy and Natural Resources Law, 31(1): 33-53.
Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T. (2013). “Thriving in Complexity? The OECD System’s Role in Energy and Taxation,” Global Governance, 19(1): 83-92.
Van de Graaf, T. (2012). “Obsolete or Resurgent? The International Energy Agency in a Changing Global Landscape,” Energy Policy, 48: 233-241.
Colgan, J., Keohane, R.O., Van de Graaf, T. (2012). “Punctuated equilibrium in the energy regime complex,” Review of International Organizations, 7(2): 117-143.
Van de Graaf, T., Westphal, K. (2011). “The G8 and G20 as global steering committees for energy: opportunities and constraints,” Global Policy, 2(S1): 19-30.
Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., Westphal, K. (2010). “G8+5 collaboration on energy efficiency and IPEEC: shortcut to a sustainable future?” Energy Policy, 38(11): 6419–6427.
Van de Graaf, T., Lesage, D. (2009). “The International Energy Agency after 35 years: Reform needs and institutional adaptability,” Review of International Organizations, 4(3): 293–317.
Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T., Westphal, K. (2009). “The G8’s role in global energy governance since the 2005 Gleneagles summit,” Global Governance, 15(2): 259–277.
Van de Graaf, T. (2006). “China as a driving actor in global governance? Feasibility and future challenges,” Studia Diplomatica, 59(2): 161–177.

Book chapters

Van de Graaf, T. (2023). “Barrels, booms, and busts: The future of petrostates in a decarbonizing world,” in Scholten, D. (ed.), Handbook on the Geopolitics of the Energy Transition. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 183-196.
Van de Graaf, T. (2023). “The geopolitics of energy after Russia’s war in Ukraine,” in Grevi, G. (ed.), Forging Europe’s Leadership: Global Trends, Russian Aggression and the Risk of a Regressive World. Brussels: FEPS, pp. 25-40.
Van de Graaf, T. (2022). “Transition troubles: petrostates, decarbonization, and the geopolitics of peak oil demand,” in Dannreuther, R., Ostrowski, W. (eds.), Handbook on Oil and International Relations. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, pp. 425-442.
Van de Graaf, T. (2021). “Clean Hydrogen: Building Block of a New Geopolitical Landscape,” Energy and Geostrategy 2021, published by the Spanish Institute for Strategic Studies.
Van de Graaf, T. (2021). “The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA),” in Roggenkamp, M., de Graaf, K., and Fleming, R. (eds.). Elgar Encyclopedia of Environmental Law, vol. XII, Energy and Environmental Law. Edward Elgar.
Oberthür, S., Van de Graaf, T. (2020). “Institutional Interactions,” in Morin, J.-F. and Orsini, A. (eds.), Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance (2nd edition). London: Routledge/Earthscan.
Meckling, J., Van de Graaf, T. (2020). “To Engage, Or Not To Engage? US Foreign Policy on Climate and Clean Energy,” in Konisky, D. (eds.). Handbook on US Environmental Policy. Edward Elgar.
Gomez-Mera, L., Morin, J.F., and Van de Graaf, T. (2020). “Regime Complexes,” in Biermann, F. and Kim, R. (eds.), Architectures of Earth System Governance. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Van de Graaf, T., Laes, E., Verbruggen, A. (2019). “Energy governance in Belgium,” in Knodt, M., Kemmerzell, J. (eds.). Handbook of Energy Governance in Europe. Springer
Van de Graaf, T., and Blondeel, M. (2018). “Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform: An International Norm Perspective,” in Skovgaard, J., and van Asselt, H., (eds.), The Politics of Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Their Reform. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Van de Graaf, T. (2018). “Battling for a Shrinking Market: OPEC, the Renewables Revolution and the Risk of Stranded Assets,” in Scholten, D. (ed.), The Geopolitics of Renewables. Springer, pp. 97-121.
Van de Graaf, T. (2017). “Rule-maker or Rule-taker? The EU and the shifting global political economy of energy,” in Leal-Arcas, R., and Wouters, J. (eds.), Research Handbook on EU Energy Law and Policy. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Van de Graaf, T. (2016). “Organizational Interactions in Global Energy Governance,” in Biermann, R., and Koops, J.A. (eds.), Palgrave Handbook of Inter-Organizational Relations. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan.
Van de Graaf, T., Zelli, F. (2016). “Actors, Institutions and Frames in Global Energy Politics,” in Van de Graaf, T., et al. (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 47-71.
Van de Graaf, T., Sovacool, B.K., Ghosh, A., Kern, F., Klare, M.T. (2016). “States, Markets and Institutions: Integrating International Political Economy and Global Energy Politics” in Van de Graaf, T., et al. (eds.) The Palgrave Handbook of the International Political Economy of Energy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3-44.
Van de Graaf, T. (2015). “Neoliberal Institutionalism,” in Pattberg, P., and Zelli, F. (eds.), Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Politics and Governance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 134-141.
Van de Graaf, T. (2015). “The IEA, the new energy order and the future of global energy governance,” in Lesage, D., and Van de Graaf, T. (eds.), Rising Powers and Multilateral Institutions. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 79-95.
Lesage, D., Van de Graaf, T. (2015). “Analytical framework and findings,” in Lesage, D., and Van de Graaf, T. (eds.), Rising Powers and Multilateral Institutions. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 3-18.
Van de Graaf, T. (2014). “The International Energy Agency,” in Sperling, J. (ed.), Handbook of Governance and Security, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, pp. 489-503.
Oberthür, S., Van de Graaf, T. (2014). “Institutional Interactions,” in Morin, J.-F. and Orsini, A. (eds.), Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge/Earthscan.
Van de Graaf, T. (2010). “Multilateral energy governance: EU and US perspectives on revising international energy treaties,” in Wouters J., Sterckx S. (eds.), European Union, United States and Global Governance. Major Trends and Challenges, Leuven, Leuven Centre for Global Governance Studies, pp. 68–75.
Van de Graaf, T. (2008). “Old rules, new players? Integrating the BRICs in global energy governance,” Spetchinsky, L., Struye, T. (eds.), La gouvernance de l’énergie en Europe et dans le monde. Louvain-la-Neuve, Presses universitaires de Louvain, IEE Document 42, pp. 33–51.

Policy reports, briefs and miscellaneous

Van de Graaf, T. (2024). Corridors of Power: The Black Sea Cable between Azerbaijan and Europe. Brussels Institute for Geopolitics, 30 Oct. 2024.
Van de Graaf, T. (2023). Gulliver Unchained? Europe’s Changing Relations with Oil and Gas Producers. Egmont Policy Brief 324, December 2023.
Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Europe’s Energy Crunch: No Time for Complacency. GIES Occasional Paper, December 2022.
IISD (2022). Navigating Energy Transitions: Mapping the road to 1.5°C. IISD. Contributed to chapter 4: “The war in Ukraine and the geopolitics of energy transitions.”
de Jong, M., Van de Graaf, T. (2022). Europe’s Energy Transition Will Disarm Putin. GIES Occasional Paper, March 2022.
SEI, IISD, ODI, E3G, and UNEP. (2020). The Production Gap Report: 2020 Special Report. Contributed to chapter 3: “Government support and COVID-19 responses: implications for fossil fuel production.”
Atlantic Council (2017). Reform of the Global Energy Architecture. Washington D.C.: Atlantic Council.
Verbruggen, A., Van de Graaf, T. (2015). “The Geopolitics of Oil in a Climate-Constrained World,” IAEE Energy Forum, 2nd quarter, pp. 22-24.
Van de Graaf, T. (2012). “Towards a New Multilateral Energy Architecture?” Security Policy Brief No 39, Egmont Institute, Brussels, October 2012.
Van de Graaf, T. (2012). “Belgium,” in Pierce, Morris A. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Energy. Salem Press.
Nasra, S., Lesage, D., Orbie, J., Van de Graaf, T., Vermeiren, M. (2009). “The EU in the G8 system: Assessing EU member states’ involvement,” EUI Working Papers, RSCAS 2009/45, 16 p.

Articles in Dutch

Van de Graaf, T. (2020). “De weg naar een fossielvrij energiesysteem,” Samenleving en Politiek, 27(6), 54-59.
Van de Graaf, T. (2014). “De Sino-Europese relaties inzake schone energie: partners of rivalen?” Res Publica, 56(1), 7-29.
Van de Graaf, T., Timmermans, D. (2013). “Steenkoolgas in Limburg: vloek of zegen?” Samenleving en Politiek, 5, 73-80.
Van de Graaf, T. (2012). “Het internationale beheer van hernieuwbare energie: zet IRENA de VN op een zijspoor?” Wereldbeeld, 36(161): 34-39.
Van de Graaf, T. (2011). “Libië en de turbulente oliemarkten: zwanenzang van het petroleumtijdperk?” Streven, 78(7): 579–589.
Van de Graaf, T. (2011). “De olieprijsschok van 2011: voorbode van wat komen zal,” Samenleving en Politiek, 18(5): 23–30.
Van de Graaf, T., Lesage, D., Nasra, S., Orbie, J., Vermeiren, M. (2009). “Van G8 naar G20: wordt de stem van kleine EU-landen gehoord?” Internationale Spectator, 63(7/8): 369–372.
Van de Graaf, T. (2009). “De wedloop om de Noordpool: dooi van een bevroren conflict?” Internationale Spectator, 63(1): 24–28.
Van de Graaf, T. (2005). “Het nieuwe Aziëbeleid van de Volksrepubliek China,” Samenleving en Politiek, 12(9): 43–49.

Book reviews

Van de Graaf, T. (2017). Fact and Fiction in global energy policy: 15 contentious questions. By Benjamin K. Sovacool, Marilyn A. Brown and Scott V. Valentine. International Affairs, 93(2), 484-485.
Van de Graaf, T. (2016). A Liberal Actor in a Realist World: The European Union Regulatory State and the Global Political Economy of Energy, A. Goldthau, N. Sitter. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2015). Energy Research & Social Science.
Van de Graaf, T. (2013). Handbook of oil politics. Edited by Robert E. Looney. London and New York: Routledge. 2012. 445pp. International Affairs, 89(2), 27-28.
Van de Graaf, T. (2013). Oil. By Gavin Bridge and Philippe Le Billon. Cambridge and Malden, MA: Polity. 2013. 256 pp. International Affairs, 89(1).
Van de Graaf, T. (2011). The Routledge handbook of energy security : edited by Benjamin K. Sovacool. London and New York: Routledge. 2011. 436pp. International Affairs, 87(6), 1548–1549.
Van de Graaf, T. (2010). Energy Security, by Sascha Müller-Kraenner. London: Earthscan, 2008. 170 pp., £19.99, hardback. Carbon & Climate Law Review, 4(2), 206-207.
Van de Graaf, T. (2009). M. KLARE, Rising powers, shrinking planet: the new geopolitics of energy (New York: Metropolitan Books). Internationale Spectator, 63(2), 101-102.

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